List of Roman Emperors

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This is a list of Roman Emperors with the dates they controlled the Roman Empire. (Note that, contrary to popular belief, Julius Caesar was never Emperor (''princeps''), although he was named dictator for life in 45 BC (but was not the first Roman to hold that title) and was regarded as such by Roman historians. On the other hand, the name Caesar became the family name of the first dynasty and was effectively treated as a title, a practice which continued throughout the Empire. Similarly, Suetonius wrote of The Twelve Caesars (including the Flavians) so some sense of continuity was evidently felt.) For the worship of the Roman Emperor as a god, see ''imperial cult''. '''For a simplified list''' ''see:'' Concise List of Roman Emperors ''italics:'' claimant who cannot be conisdered to have ruled or held power over part of the empire only
'''''bold italics''''': nickname by which the individual is commonly known ==The Principate/Julio-Claudian dynasty== <td width="95%" valign=top>
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
16 January 27 BC to 19 August AD 14 '''Augustus''' GAIVS '''OCTAVIANVS'''
IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI FILIVS
IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI FILIVS '''AVGVSTVS''' 12BC: Pontifex Maximus </tr>
19 August 14 to 16 March 37 '''Tiberius''' '''TIBERIVS''' CLAVDIVS NERO
'''TIBERIVS''' IVLIVS CAESAR
'''TIBERIVS''' CAESAR AVGVSTVS AD15: Pontifex Maximus </tr>
18 March 37 to 24 January 41 '''Caligula''' GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR GERMANICVS
GAIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS '''''CALIGVLA'''''
'''GAIVS''' CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS Nickname ''Caligula'', ''(Little-boots)''; AD37: Pontifex Maximus, Pater Patriae;
Assassinated </tr>
24 January 41 to 13 October 54 '''Claudius''' TIBERIVS '''CLAVDIVS''' DRVSVS
TIBERIVS '''CLAVDIVS''' DRVSVS NERO GERMANICVS
TIBERIVS '''CLAVDIVS''' CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS AD42: Pater Patriae;
Assassinated by poisoning </tr>
October 54 to 11 June 68 '''Nero''' LVCIVS DOMITIVS AHENOBARBVS '''NERO''' CLAVDIVS CAESAR DRVSVS GERMANICVS
'''NERO''' CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS
AD55: Pontifex Maximus; ''later'' Pater Patriae;
Committed suicide </tr> </table> =='Later Claudian' Dynasty==
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
8 June 68 to 15 January 69 '''Galba''' SERVIVS SVLPICIVS '''GALBA''' SERVIVS '''GALBA''' IMPERATOR CAESAR AVGVSTVS Murdered by Otho;
''see:'' Year of the four emperors </tr>
15 January 69 to 16 April 69 '''Otho''' MARCVS SALVIVS '''OTHO''' IMPERATOR MARCVS '''OTHO''' CAESAR AVGVSTVS Committed suicide;
''see:'' Year of the four emperors </tr>
2 January 69 to 20 December 69 '''Vitellius''' AVLVS '''VITELLIVS''' AVLVS '''VITELLIVS''' GERMANICVS IMPERATOR AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; murdered in the Forum;
''see:'' Year of the four emperors </tr>
==Flavian Dynasty==
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
1 July 69 to 24 June 79 '''Vespasian''' TITVS FLAVIVS '''VESPASIANVS''' IMPERATOR '''VESPASIANVS''' CAESAR AVGVSTVS AD70: Pontifex Maximus Pater Patriae
co-emperor;
''see:'' Year of the four emperors </tr>
24 June 79 to 13 September 81 '''Titus Flavius''' '''TITVS''' FLAVIVS VESPASIANVS
'''TITVS''' CAESAR VESPASIANVS
IMPERATOR '''TITVS''' CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVGVSTVS AD70: Pontifex Maximus Pater Patriae </tr>
''from August 69''
IMPERATOR '''TITVS''' CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVGVSTVS
14 September 81 to 18 September 96 '''Domitian''' TITVS FLAVIVS '''DOMITIANVS'''
CAESAR '''DOMITIANVS'''
IMPERATOR CAESAR '''DOMITIANVS''' AVGVSTVS, PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE ''late''AD83: Germanicus;
assassinated </tr> </table> ==Nervan-Antonian dynasty==
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
18 September 96 to 27 January 98 '''Nerva''' MARCVS COCCEIVS '''NERVA''' IMPERATOR '''NERVA''' CAESAR AVGVSTVS, PATER PATRIAE   </tr>
28 January 98 to 7 August 117 '''Trajan''' MARCVS VLPIVS NERVA '''TRAIANVS'''
MARCVS VLPIVS NERVA '''TRAIANVS''' GERMANICVS
IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI NERVAE FILIVS NERVA '''TRAIANVS''' GERMANICVS AVGVSTVS AD98: Pater Patriae; 102: Dacicus; 114: Parthicus; Aug/Sep 114: Optimus </tr>
11 August 117 to 10 July 138 '''Hadrian''' PVBLIVS AELIVS '''HADRIANVS'''
PVBLIVS AELIVS TRAIANVS '''HADRIANVS'''
IMPERATOR CAESAR TRAIANVS '''HADRIANVS''' AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXVMVS   </tr>
10 July 138 to 7 March 161 '''Antoninus Pius''' TITVS AVRELIVS FVLVIVS BOINONIVS ARRIVS '''ANTONINVS'''
IMPERATOR TIRVS AELIVS CAESAR ANTONINVS
IMPERATOR CAESAR TITVS AELIVS HADRIANVS '''ANTONINVS''' AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS ''post''7 March 161: '''Pius'''; 139: Pater Patriae </tr>
''143'' Acclaimed emperor a second time
7 March 161 to 17 March 180 '''Marcus Aurelius''' MARCVS ANNIVS VERVS
'''AVRELIVS''' CAESAR AVGVSTI PII FILIVS
IMPERATOR CAESAR '''MARCVS AVRELIVS''' ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS co-emperor with Lucius Verus to March 169; 164: Armeniacus Medicus Parthicus Maximus; 166: Pater Patriae; 172: Germanicus; 175: Sarmaticus </tr>
7 March 161 to March 169 '''Lucius Verus''' '''LVCIVS''' CEIONIVS COMMODVS
'''LVCIVS''' AELIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS
IMPERATOR CAESAR '''LVCIVS''' AVRELIVS '''VERVS''' AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius164: Armeniacus; 165: Parthicus Maximus; 166: Medicus, Pater Patriae </tr> 175 to 175 ''Avidius Cassius'' ''GAIVS AVIDIVS CASSIVS''   Usurper; proclaimed emperor: ruled in Egypt and Syria; murdered by a centurion
177 to 31 December 192 '''Commodus''' LVCIVS AVRELIVS '''COMMODVS''' ANTONINVS
LVCIVS AVRELIVS '''COMMODVS''' CAESAR ANTONINVS
IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS AVRELIVS '''COMMODVS''' AVGVSTVS PATER PATRIAE Co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius to 17 March 180;
Murdered: strangled by a wrestler </tr>
''from 180'' IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS AVRELIVS '''COMMODVS''' ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE Sole emperor </tr> </table> ==Severan Dynasty, African, Asian and Syrian Emperors ==
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
1 January 193 to 28 March 193 '''Pertinax''' PVBLIVS HELVIVS '''PERTINAX''' IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS HELVIVS '''PERTINAX''' AVGVSTVS recognized as emperor by Septimius Severus; murdered by soldiers on the Palatine </tr>
28 March 193 to 1 June 193 '''Didius Julianus''' MARCVS '''DIDIVS''' SEVERVS '''IVLIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS '''DIDIVS''' SEVERVS '''IVLIANVS''' AVGVSTVS Sentenced to death by the Senate; murdered on the Palatine </tr>
9 April 193 to 4 February 211 '''Septimius Severus''' LVCIVS '''SEPTIMVS SEVERVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS SEPTIMVS SEVERVS PERTINAX AVGVSTVS PROCONSVL 9 June 193: Pontifex Maximus; ''late''193: Pater Patriae; 195: Divi Marci Pii filius Divi Commodi Frater; Pius; Arabicus, Adiabenicus; 198: Parthicus Maximus; 209/210: Britannicus Maximus </tr>
193 to 194/195 ''Pescennius Niger'' ''GAIVS PESCENNIVS NIGER''   Claimant: emperor in Syria </tr>
193/195 to 197 ''Clodius Albinus'' ''DECIMVS CLODIVS SEPTIMIVS ALBINVS''   Claimant: emperor in Britain </tr>
198 to 4 February 211 '''Caracalla''' LVCIVS SEPTIMIVS BASSIANVS
'''''CARACALLA'''''
IMPERATOR CAESAR '''MARCVS AVRELIVS''' SEVERVS '''ANTONINVS''' PIVS AVGVSTVS 199: Pater Patriae; 200: Pius Felix; 209/210: Britannicus Maximus </tr>
4 February 211 to 8 February 217 IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PATER PATRIAE BRITANNICVS MAXIMVS PROCONSVL 213: Germanicus Maximus;
Murdered by Macrinus </tr>
209 to 4 February 211 '''Geta''' PVBLIVS SEPTIMVS '''GETA'''   Murdered by Caracalla </tr>
4 February 211 to December 211 IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS SEPTIMIVS '''GETA''' AVGVSTVS </tr>
11 April 217 to June 218 '''Macrinus''' MARCVS OPELLIVS '''MACRINVS''' IMPERATOR MARCVS OPELLIVS SEVERVS '''MACRINVS''' AVGVSTVS PIVS FELIX PROCONSVL ''?''June 217: Pater Patriae; Pontifex Maximus;
Executed </tr>
May 217 to June 218 '''Diadumenian''' MARCVS OPELLIVS '''DIADVMENIANVS''' IMPERATOR MARCVS OPELLIVS ANTONINVS '''DIADVMENIANVS''' CAESAR SEVERVS Executed </tr>
June 218 to 222 '''Heliogabalus''' VARIVS AVITVS BASSIANVS
MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS
'''''ELAGABALVS'''''
IMPERATOR '''MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS''' PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS PROCONSVL July 218: Pater Patriae, Pontifex Maximus; 220: Sacerdos Amplissimus Dei Invicti Solis Elagabali
Assassinated </tr>
13 March 222 to ''?''March 235 '''Alexander Severus''' BASSIANVS ALEXIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS '''SEVERVS ALEXANDER''' PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Pontifex Maximus
Assassinated </tr> </table> ==''Rulers during the Crisis of the Third Century''==
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
February/March 235 to March/April 238 '''Maximinus Thrax''' GAIVS IVLIVS VERVS '''MAXIMINVS THRAX''' IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS JVLIVS VERVS '''MAXIMINVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by troops </tr>
''early''January/March 238 to ''late''January/April 238 '''Gordian I''' MARCVS ANTONIVS '''GORDIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS '''GORDIANVS''' SEMPRONIANVS AFRICANVS Committed suicide </tr>
''early''January March 238 to ''late''January/April 238 '''Gordian II''' NARCYS ANTONIVS '''GORDIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS '''GORDIANVS''' SEMPRONIANVS AFRICANVS Killed in battle </tr>
''early''February 238 to ''early''May 238 '''Pupienus Maximus''' MARCVS CLODIVS '''PVPIENVS MAXIMVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS CLODIVS '''PVPIENVS MAXIMVS''' AVGVSTVS Murdered by the Praetorians </tr>
''early''February 238 to ''early''May 238 '''Balbinus''' DECIMVS CAELIVS ANTONIVS '''BALBINVS'''
DECIMVS CAELIVS CALVINVS '''BALBINVS'''
  Murdered by the Praetorians </tr>
May 238 to February 244 '''Gordian III''' MARCVS ANTONIVS '''GORDIANVS'''
MARCVS ANTONIVS '''GORDIANVS''' PIVS
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS '''GORDIANVS''' PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Murdered </tr>
240 to 240 ''Sabinianus''     Proclaimed himself emperor; defeated in battle </tr>
February 244 to September/October 249 '''Philip the Arab''' MARCVS IVLIVS '''PHILLIPVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS IVLIVS '''PHILLIPVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Killed in battle by Decius </tr>
248 to 248 ''Pacantius'' ''TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS MARINVS PACATIANVS''   Proclaimed himself emperor; murdered by his own soldiers </tr>
248 to 248 ''Jotapian'' ''MARCVS FVLVIVS RVFVS IOTAPIANVS''   Claimant </tr>
248 to 248 ''Silbannacus''     Usurper </tr>
249 to June 251 '''Decius''' GAIVS MESSIVS QVINTVS TRAIANVS '''DECIVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS MESSIVS QVINTVS TRAIANVS '''DECIVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Killed in battle </tr>
249 to 252 ''Priscus'' ''GAIVS JVLIVS PRISCVS''   Proclaimed himself emperor in the Eastern provinces </tr>
250 to 250 ''Licinianus'' ''IVLIVS VALENS LICINIANVS''   Claimant </tr>
''early''251 to 1 July 251 Herennius Etruscus QVINTVS HERENNIVS ETRVSCVS MESSIVS DECIVS   Killed in battle </tr>
251 to 251 ''Hostilian'' ''HOSTILIANVS'' ''HOSTILIANVS''   </tr>
June 251 to August 253 '''Gallus''' GAIVS VIBIVS '''TREBONIANVS GALLVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VIBIVS '''TREBONIANVS GALLVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by his own soldiers </tr>
August 253 to October 253 '''Aemilian''' MARCVS '''AEMILIVS AEMILIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS '''AEMILIVS AEMILIANVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by his own soldiers </tr>
253 to June 260 '''Valerian I''' PVBLIVS LICINIVS '''VALERIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS '''VALERIANVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Gallienus; captured by Persians: died in captivity </tr>
253 to September 268 '''Gallienus''' PVBLIVS LICINIVS EGNATIVS '''GALLIENVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS EGNATIVS '''GALLIENVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Valerian 253 to 260; murdered </tr>
258 or June 260 ''Ingenuus''     Proclaimed himself emperor </tr>
260 ''Regalianus''     Proclaimed emperor </tr>
260 to 261 ''Macrianus Major'' ''FVLVIVS MACRIANVS''   Proclaimed emperor; defeated and killed in battle </tr>
260 to 261 ''Macrianus Minor'' ''TITVS FVLVIVS IVNIVS MACRIANVS''   Proclaimed emperor; defeated and killed in battle </tr>
260 to 261 ''Quietus'' ''TITVS FVLVIVS IVNIVS QVIETVS''   Claimant </tr>
261 to 261 or 262 ''Mussius Aemilianus'' ''LVCIVS MVSSIVS AEMILIANVS''   Proclaimed emperor </tr>
268 to 268 ''Aureolus''     Proclaimed himself emperor; surrendered to Claudius II Gothicus </tr> </table> ==Illyrian Emperors==
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
268 to August 270 '''Claudius II Gothicus''' MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS '''CLAVDIVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS '''CLAVDIVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Died of plague </tr>
August 270 to September 270 '''Quintillus''' MARCVS AVRELIVS '''QVINTILLVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS '''QVINTILLVS''' INVICTVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Aurelian; committed suicide </tr>
August 270 to 275 '''Aurelian''' LVCIVS DOMITIVS '''AVRELIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS DOMITIVS '''AVRELIANVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Quintillus; murdered by the Praetorian Guard </tr>
271 to 271 ''Septimius''     Proclaimed emperor in Dalmatia; killed by his own soldiers </tr>
November/December 275 to July 276 '''Tacitus''' MARCVS CLAVDIVS '''TACITVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS CLAVDIVS '''TACITVS''' PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Murdered </tr>
July 276 to September 276 '''Florianus''' MARCVS ANNIVS '''FLORIANVS''' PIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANNIVS FLORIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Murdered </tr>
July 276 to ''late''September 282 '''Probus''' MARCVS AVRELIVS EQVITIVS '''PROBVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS '''PROBVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by his own soldiers </tr> 280 ''Saturninus'' ''IVLIVS SATVRNINVS''   Claimant: forced by his soldiers; proclaimed himself emperor; killed by his soldiers </tr>
280 ''Proculus''     Claimant: acceding to the request of the people of Lugdunum; killed by Probus </tr>
280 ''Bonosus'' ''GALLVS QVINTVS BONOSVS''   Proclaimed himself emperor; defeated by Probus and committed suicide </tr>
September 282 to July/August 283 '''Carus''' MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIVS '''CARVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS '''CARVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS   </tr>
spring 283 to summer 285 '''Carinus''' MARCVS AVRELIVS '''CARINVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS '''CARINVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Numerian; Murdered </tr>
July/August 283 to November 284 '''Numerian''' MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIVS '''NVMERIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS '''NVMERIANVS''' PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Carinus </tr> </table> ==Tetrarchy== ==='Collegiate Emperors' of the Constantine Dynasty===
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
20 November 284 to 1 May 305 '''Diocletian''' '''DIOCLES'''
''(full name not known)''
GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS '''DIOCLETIANVS''' IOVIVS
IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS '''DIOCLETIANVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE PROCONSVL Co-emperor with Maximian; 285: Germanicus Maximus, Sarmaticus Maximus; 286: Iovius; 287: Germanicus Maximus; 295: Persicus Maximus; 297: Britannicus Maximus, Carpicus Maximus; 298: Armenicus Maximus, Medicus Maximus, Adiabenicus Maximus
Abdicated </tr>
1 April 286 to 1 May 305 '''Maximian''' '''MAXIMIANVS'''
''(full name not known)''
MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS '''MAXIMIANVS''' HERCVLIVS
IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS '''MAXIMIANVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS co-emperor with Diocletian; 286: Germanicus Maximus, Sarmaticus Maximus; 287: Iovius; 288: Germanicus Maximus; 294: Persicus Maximus; 298: Britannicus Maximus, Carpicus Maximus; 299: Armenicus Maximus, Medicus Maximus, Adiabenicus Maximus;
Forced to abdicate </tr>
1 May 305 to 25 July 306 '''Constantius I Chlorus''' FLAVIVS VALERIVS '''CONSTANTIVS'''
'''''CHLORVS'''''
IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS FLAVIVS VALERIVS '''CONSTANTIVS''' AVGVSTVS   </tr>
1 May 305 to May 311 '''Galerius''' CAIVS '''GALERIVS''' VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR '''GALERIVS''' VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS co-emperor with Severus II </tr>
August 306 to 16 September 307 '''Severus II''' FLAVIVS VALERIVS '''SEVERVS''' IMPERATOR '''SEVERVS''' PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS co-emperor with Galerius </tr>
28 October 306 to 28 October 312 '''Maxentius''' MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS '''MAXENTIVS''' MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS '''MAXENTIVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Drowned on order of Constantine I The Great </tr>
307 to 308 '''Maximian''' '''MAXIMIANVS'''
''(full name not known)''

MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS '''MAXIMIANVS''' HERCVLIVS
IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS '''MAXIMIANVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS HERCVLIVS GERMANICVS MAXIMVS SARMATICVS MAXIMVS IOVIVS GERMANICVS MAXIMVS PERSICVS MAXIMVS BRITANNICVS MAXIMVS CARPICVS MAXIMVS ARMENICVS MAXIMVS MEDICVS MAXIMVS ADIABENICVS MAXIMVS Abdicated </tr>
''de jure:'' 307, ''de facto'' 312 to 22 May 337 '''Constantine I The Great''' GAIVS FLAVIVS VALERIVS '''CONSTANTINVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS '''CONSTANTINVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE PROCONSVL 307: Germanicus Maximus; 312: Maximus; 323: Sarmaticus Maximus; 324: Victor ''substituting'' Invictus; 328: Gothicus Maximus; 336:Dacicus Maximus </tr>
308 ''Domitius Alexander'' ''LVCIVS DOMITIVS ALEXANDER''   Proclaimed himself emperor </tr>
11 November 308 to 19 December 324 '''Licinius''' VALERIVS LICINIANVS '''LICINIVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VALERIVS '''LICINIVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; abdicated; (executed early 325) </tr>
1 May 310 to July/August 313 '''Maximinus Daia''' '''DAIA'''
'''MAXIMINVS''' GAIVS GALERIVS VALERIVS
IMPERATOR CAESAR GALERIVS VALERIVS '''MAXIMINVS''' PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; committed suicide </tr>
337 to 340 '''Constantine II''' FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS '''CONSTANTINVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS VALERIVS '''CONSTANTINVS''' AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; killed in battle </tr>
337 to 361 '''Constantius II''' FLAVIVS IVLIVS '''CONSTANTIVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS '''CONSTANTINVS''' AVGVSTVS Co-emperor </tr>
337 to 350 '''Constans I''' FLAVIVS IVLIVS '''CONSTANS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS '''CONSTANS''' AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; killed by '''Magnentius''' </tr>
January 350 to 11 August 353 '''Magnentius''' FLAVIVS '''MAGNVS MAGNENTIVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS '''MAGNVS MAGENTIVS''' AVGVSTVS Co-ruler; committed suicide </tr>
''c.''350 ''Vetriano''     Proclaimed himself emperor </tr>
''c.''350 ''Nepotianus''     Proclaimed himself emperor </tr>
November 361 to June 363 '''Julian the Apostate''' FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS '''IVLIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS '''IVLIANVS''' AVGVSTVS Killed in battle </tr>
363 to 17 February 364 '''Jovian''' FLAVIVS '''IOVIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS '''IOVIANVS''' AVGVSTVS Died accidentally </tr> </table> ===Valentinian Dynasty===
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
26 February 364 to 17 November 375 '''Valentinian I''' FLAVIVS '''VALENTINIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS '''VALENTINIANVS''' AVGVSTVS   </tr>
24 August 367 to 383 '''Gratian''' FLAVIVS '''GRATIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS '''GRATIANVS''' AVGVSTVS Assassinated </tr>
375 to 385 '''Valentinian II''' FLAVIVS '''VALENTINIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS '''VALENTINIANVS''' AVGVSTVS Deposed; died in suspicious circumstances </tr>
383 to 388 '''Magnus Maximus''' '''MAGNVS MAXIMVS'''   Rival in the west; deposed and executed </tr>
''c.''386 to 388 '''Flavius Victor''' '''FLAVIVS VICTOR'''   Fate uncertain </tr>
392 to 394 ''Eugenius'' ''FLAVIVS EVGENIVS''   Usurper in the west; killed in battle </tr> </table> ===Theodosian Dynasty===
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
388 to 17 January 395 Theodosius I the Great FLAVIVS '''THEODOSIVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS '''THEODOSIVS''' AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; emperor in the east from 379 </tr>
23 January 393 to 395 '''Flavius Augustus Honorius''' FLAVIVS '''HONORIVS'''   Becoming emperor in the west </tr> </table> ------ ==Western Empire==
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
395 to 15 August 423 '''Honorius''' FLAVIVS AVGVSTVS '''HONORIVS'''   Co-emperor with Constantius III (421) </tr>
409 to 410 ''Priscus Attalus''     Claimant </tr>
414 to 415 ''Priscus Attalus''     Claimant </tr>
409 to 411 ''Constantine III''     Claimant </tr>
411 to 412 ''Jovinus''     Claimant </tr>
421 to 421 Constantius III     Co-emperor with Honorius </tr>
423 to 425 ''Joannes'' ''IOANNES''   Claimant </tr>
425 to 16 March 455 '''Valentinian III''' FLAVIVS PLACIDVS '''VALENTINIANVS'''     </tr>
17 March 455 to 31 May 455 '''Petronius Maximus''' FLAVIVS '''PETRONIVS MAXIMVS'''     </tr>
June 455 to 17 October 456 '''Avitus''' MARCVS MAECILIVS FLAVIVS EPARCHIVS '''AVITVS'''     </tr>
457 to 2 August 461 '''Majorian''' IVLIVS VALERIVS '''MAIORIANVS'''   Abdicated </tr>
461 to 465 '''Libius Severus''' '''LIBIVS SEVERVS'''     </tr>
12 April 467 to 11 July 472 '''Anthemius''' PROCOPIVS '''ANTHEMIVS'''   Executed </tr>
July 472 to 2 November 472 '''Olybrius''' ANCIVS '''OLYBRIVS'''     </tr>
5 March 473 to June 474 '''Glycerius'''     Abdicated </tr>
June 474 to August 475 '''Julius Nepos'''     Emperor in the West until 475, Emperor in Dalmatia 477 to May 480; fled; murdered </tr>
31 October 475 to August 476 '''Romulus Augustus'''
Romulus Augustulus
'''ROMVLVS AVGVSTVS'''   Deposed by Odoacer; fate unknown </tr> </table> ------ ==Eastern Empire==
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
26 February 364 to 17 November 375 '''Valentinian I''' FLAVIVS '''VALENTINIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS '''VALENTINIANVS''' AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Valens 364 to 378 </tr>
28 March 365 to 9 August 366 '''Valens''' FLAVIVS IVLIVS '''VALENS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS '''VALENS''' AVGVSTVS Killed in battle </tr>
September 365 to 27 May 366 '''Procopius'''   '''PROCOPIVS''' Usurper; executed by Valens </tr>
24 August 367 to 383 '''Gratianus''' FLAVIVS '''GRATIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS '''GRATIANVS''' co-emperor with Valentinian II (375 to 392); assassinated </tr>
19 January 379 to 17 January 395 '''Theodosius I The Great''' FLAVIVS '''THEODOSIVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS '''THEODOSIVS''' AVGVSTVS Co-emperor in the west from 388 </tr>
383 to January 395 '''Arcadius''' FLAVIVS '''ARCADIVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS '''ARCADIVS''' AVGVSTVS Becoming Byzantine Emperor January 395 </tr> </table> ------ ==Gallic Empire 260 to 274==
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
260 to 268 '''Postumus''' MARCVS CASSIANIVS LATINIVS '''POSTVMVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS CASSIANVS LATINIVS '''POSTVMVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS   </tr>
269 to 269 '''Laelianus''' VLPIVS CORNELIVS '''LAELIANVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VLPIVS CORNELIVS '''LAELIANVS''' PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS   </tr>
269 to 269 '''Marius''' MARCVS AVRELIVS '''MARIVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS '''MARIVS''' PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS   </tr>
269 to 271 '''Victorinus''' MARCVS PIAVONIVS '''VICTORINVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS PIAVONIVS '''VICTORINVS''' PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS   </tr>
270 to 271 ''Domitianus''     Proclaimed emperor of the Gallic Empire </tr>
271 to 274 '''Tetricus I''' CAIVS PIVS ESVVIVS '''TETRICVS''' IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS PIVS ESVVIVS '''TETRICVS''' FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS   </tr> </table> ------ ==Britannic Empire 286 to 297==
Reign Common name Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession
Imperial name Notes
286 to 293 '''Carausius''' MARCVS AVRELIVS MAVSAEVS     </tr>
293 to 297 '''Allectus''' ''not known'' ''not known''   </tr> </table> For continuation, ''see:-'' list of Barbarian kings of Italy == Eastern Empire == *Arcadius (395 - 408) *Theodosius II (408 - 450) *Marcian (450 - 457) *Leo I (457 - 474) *Leo II (474) *Zeno (474 - 491) *Basiliscus (475 - 476) * Zeno (restored) (476 - 491) continuation: see list of Byzantine Emperors ----- see also Gallic Empire; Roman usurper ----- ==External links== *There are good biographies of most of the Roman Emperors in De Imperatoribus Romanis. bg:Списък на римските императори cy:Rhestr Ymerodron Rhufeinig da:Romerske kejsere de:Liste der rmischen Kaiser es:Emperador romano eo:Listo da Romiaj imperiestroj fr:Liste des empereurs romains ko:로마 제황 연대표 it:Imperatori romani he:קיסרי רומי la:Imperatores Romani nl:Keizers van Rome ja:ローマ皇帝一覧 no:Liste over romerske keisere pl:Cesarz rzymski pt:Lista de imperadores romanos sl:Seznam rimskih cesarjev sv:Lista ver romerska kejsare zh:羅馬皇帝列表