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The '''Sacred College of Cardinals''' is the body of all
Cardinals of the
Roman Catholic Church. Historically, they were the
clergy of the city of
Rome: they were the
priests serving the
Pope as the
Bishop of
Rome (hence, they were assigned duties in
parishes of the city).
Today the only roles of the College are participating in
papal elections when the see is vacant (a meeting for such a purpose is called a "conclave") and advising the Roman Pontiff about Church matters (in the
consistory). The College has no ruling power except for the ''
sede vacante'' period, where its powers are still extremely limited (see
Universi Dominici Gregis). The prefects of Vatican Congregations are always Cardinals.
The
president and
vice-president of the college are the
Dean of the College of Cardinals and the Sub-Dean. Both are elected by the cardinals holding
suburbicarian dioceses, but the election requires Papal confirmation. Except for presiding, the Dean has no power of governance over the cardinals, instead acting as ''
primus inter pares''.
Although the rules of the Conclave explicitly say the Pope need not be chosen from among the ranks of the Cardinals, that has been the norm since the election of
Urban VI in
1378.
Since
January 1,
1971, the cardinals over age 80 have not had a vote in the election of popes, under the terms of
Pope Paul VI's ''motu proprio'' '''Ingravescentam Aetatem'''.
==Members of the College of Cardinals==
Cardinals are shown in order of seniority by date of appointment. The list is correct as of January 2004. Cardinals aged 80 or over will not be eligible to take part in the Conclave which elects the next Pope. Sixteen of the Cardinals were appointed during the reign of
Pope Paul VI. All the others were appointed during
Pope John Paul II's reign. There are three ranks of Cardinals:
Cardinal Bishops,
Cardinal Priests and
Cardinal Deacons.
*4/28/
1969:
Stephen Cardinal Kim Sou-hwan (
Korea) - born May 8 1922
*4/28/1969:
Eugnio Cardinal de Arajo Sales (
Image:Brazil flag large.png) - born November 8 1920
*4/28/1969:
Johannes Cardinal Willebrands (
Netherlands) - born September 4 1909
*3/5/
1973:
Luis Cardinal Aponte Martinez (
Puerto Rico) - born August 4 1922
*3/5/1973:
Paulo Evaristo Cardinal Arns (Brazil) - born September 14 1921
*3/5/1973:
Salvatore Cardinal Pappalardo (
Italy) - born September 23 1918
*3/5/1973:
Ral Francisco Cardinal Primatesta (
Argentina) - born April 14 1919
*3/5/1973:
Pio Cardinal Taofinu'u (
Samoa) - born December 19 1923
*5/24/
1976:
Juan Carlos Cardinal Aramburu (Argentina) - born February 11 1912
*5/24/1976:
Corrado Cardinal Bafile (Italy) - born July 4 1903
*5/24/1976:
William Wakefield Cardinal Baum (
USA) - born November 21 1926
*5/24/1976:
Alosio Cardinal Lorscheider (
Image:Brazil flag large.png) - born October 8 1924
*5/24/1976:
Jaime Lachica Cardinal Sin (
Philippines) - born August 31 1928
*6/27/
1977:
Bernardin Cardinal Gantin (
Benin) - born May 8 1922
*6/27/1977:
Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (
Germany) - born April 26 1927
*6/30/
1979:
Giuseppe Cardinal Caprio (Italy) - born November 15 1914
*6/30/1979:
Marco Cardinal C (Italy) - born July 8 1925
*6/30/1979:
Ernesto Cardinal Corripio Ahumada (
Mexico) - born June 29 1919
*6/30/1979:
Roger Cardinal Etchegaray (
Image:France flag large.png) - born September 25 1922
*6/30/1979:
Franciszek Cardinal Macharski (
Poland) - born May 20 1927
*2/2/
1983:
Godfried Cardinal Danneels (
Image:Belgium flag large.png) - born June 5 1933
*2/2/1983:
Alexandre Cardinal do Nascimento (
Image:Angola flag large.png) - born March 1 1925
*2/2/1983:
Jzef Cardinal Glemp (Poland) - born December 28 1929
*2/2/1983:
Michael Michae Cardinal Kitbunchu (
Thailand) - born January 26 1929
*2/2/1983:
Alfonso Cardinal Lpez Trujillo (
Colombia) - born November 8 1935
*2/2/1983:
Jean-Marie Cardinal Lustiger (France) - born September 17 1926
*2/2/1983:
Carlo Maria Cardinal Martini (Italy) - born February 15 1927
*2/2/1983:
Joachim Cardinal Meisner (
Image:Germany flag large.png) - born December 25 1933
*2/2/1983:
Thomas Stafford Cardinal Williams (
New Zealand) - born March 20 1930
*5/25/
1985:
Francis Cardinal Arinze (
Nigeria) - born November 1 1932
*5/25/1985:
Giacomo Cardinal Biffi (Italy) - born June 13 1928
*5/25/1985:
Rosalio Jos Cardinal Castillo Lara (
Venezuela) - born September 4 1922
*5/25/1985:
Andrzej Maria Cardinal Deskur (Poland) - born February 29 1924
*5/25/1985:
douard Cardinal Gagnon (
Canada) - born January 15 1918
*5/25/1985:
Henryk Roman Cardinal Gulbinowicz (Poland) - born October 17 1928
*5/25/1985:
Antonio Cardinal Innocenti (Italy) - born August 23 1915
*5/25/1985:
D. Simon Cardinal Lourdusamy (
India) - born February 5 1924
*5/25/1985:
Paul Augustin Cardinal Mayer (Germany) - born May 23 1911
*5/25/1985:
Miguel Cardinal Obando Bravo (
Nicaragua) - born February 2 1926
*5/25/1985:
Silvano Cardinal Piovanelli (Italy) - born February 21 1924
*5/25/1985:
Paul Cardinal Poupard (France) - born August 30 1930
*5/25/1985:
Adrianus Johannes Cardinal Simonis (Netherlands) - born November 26 1931
*5/25/1985:
Alfons Maria Cardinal Stickler (Austria) - born August 23 1910
*5/25/1985:
Angel Cardinal Suqua Goicoechea (Spain) - born October 2 1916
*5/25/1985:
Jozef Cardinal Tomko (
Slovakia) - born March 11 1924
*5/25/1985:
Louis-Albert Cardinal Vachon (Canada) - born February 4 1912
*5/25/1985:
Ricardo J. Cardinal Vidal (Philippines) - born February 6 1931
*5/25/1985:
Friedrich Cardinal Wetter (Germany) - born February 20 1928
*6/28/
1988:
Giovanni Cardinal Canestri (Italy) - born September 30 1918
*6/28/1988:
Edward Bede Cardinal Clancy (
Australia) - born December 13 1923
*6/28/1988:
Alexandre Jos Maria Cardinal dos Santos (
Image:Mozambique flag large.png) ) - born March 18 1924
*6/28/1988:
Jos Cardinal Freire Falco (
Image:Brazil flag large.png) - born October 23 1925
*6/28/1988:
Angelo Cardinal Felici (Italy) - born July 26 1919
*6/28/1988:
Michele Cardinal Giordano (Italy) - born September 26 1930
*6/28/1988:
Antonio Mara Cardinal Javierre Ortas (Spain) - born February 21 1921
*6/28/1988:
Jean Cardinal Margot (
Mauritius) - born February 23 1916
*6/28/1988:
Eduardo Cardinal Martnez Somalo (Spain) - born March 31 1927
*6/28/1988:
Lszl Cardinal Paskai (Hungary) - born May 8 1927
*6/28/1988:
Simon Ignatius Cardinal Pimenta (India) - born March 1 1920
*6/28/1988:
Achille Cardinal Silvestrini (Italy) - born October 25 1923
*6/28/1988:
Edmund Casimir Cardinal Szoka (USA) - born September 14 1927
*6/28/1988:
Christian Wiyghan Cardinal Tumi (Cameroon) - born October 15 1930
*6/28/
1991:
Fiorenzo Cardinal Angelini (Italy) - born August 1 1916
*6/28/1991:
Anthony Joseph Cardinal Bevilacqua (USA) - born June 17 1923
*6/28/1991:
Edward Idris Cardinal Cassidy (Australia) - born July 5 1924
*6/28/1991:
Cahal Brendan Cardinal Daly (Ireland) - born October 1 1917
*6/28/1991:
Frdric Cardinal Etsou-Nzabi-Bamungwabi (Congo) - born December 3 1930
*6/28/1991:
Jn Chryzostom Cardinal Korec (Slovakia) - born January 22 1924
*6/28/1991:
Pio Cardinal Laghi (Italy) - born May 21 1922
*6/28/1991:
Nicols de Jess Cardinal Lpez Rodriguez (Dominican Republic) - born October 31 1936
*6/28/1991:
Roger Michael Cardinal Mahony (USA) - born February 27 1936
*6/28/1991:
Virgilio Cardinal No (Italy) - born March 30 1922
*6/28/1991:
Camillo Cardinal Ruini (Italy) - born February 19 1931
*6/28/1991:
Giovanni Cardinal Saldarini (Italy) - born December 11 1924
*6/28/1991:
Jos T. Cardinal Snchez (Philippines) - born March 17 1920
*6/28/1991:
Henri Cardinal Schwery (Switzerland) - born June 14 1932
*6/28/1991:
Angelo Cardinal Sodano (Italy) - born November 23 1927
*6/28/1991:
Georg Maximilian Cardinal Sterzinsky (Germany) - born February 9 1936
*2/28/
1994:
Gilberto Cardinal Agustoni (Switzerland) - born July 26 1922
*2/28/1994:
Ricardo Mara Cardinal Carles Gord (
Image:Spain flag large.png) - born September 24 1926
*2/28/1994:
Julius Riyadi Cardinal Darmaatmadja (Indonesia) - born December 20 1934
*2/28/1994:
Carlo Cardinal Furno (Italy) - born December 2 1921
*2/28/1994:
William Henry Cardinal Keeler (USA) - born March 4 1931
*2/28/1994:
Adam Joseph Cardinal Maida (USA) - born March 18 1930
*2/28/1994:
Jaime Lucas Cardinal Ortega y Alamino (Cuba) - born October 18 1936
*2/28/1994:
Paul Joseph Cardinal Pham Dnh Tung (Vietnam) - born June 15 1919
*2/28/1994:
Luigi Cardinal Poggi (Italy) - born November 25 1917
*2/28/1994:
Vinco Cardinal Puljic (Bosnia and Herzegovina) - born September 8 1945
*2/28/1994:
Armand Gatan Cardinal Razafindratandra (Madagascar) - born August 7 1925
*2/28/1994:
Juan Cardinal Sandoval iguez (Mexico) - born March 28 1933
*2/28/1994:
Jan Pieter Cardinal Schotte (
Image:Belgium flag large.png) - born April 29 1928
*2/28/1994:
Nasrallah Pierre Cardinal Sfeir (Lebanon) - born May 15 1920
*2/28/1994:
Peter Seiichi Cardinal Shirayanagi (Japan) - born June 17 1928
*2/28/1994:
Adolfo Antonio Cardinal Surez Rivera (Mexico) - born January 9 1927
*2/28/1994:
Kazimierz Cardinal Swiatek (Belarus) - born October 21 1914
*2/28/1994:
Ersilio Cardinal Tonini (Italy) - born July 20 1914
*2/28/1994:
Jean-Claude Cardinal Turcotte (Canada) - born June 26 1930
*2/28/1994:
Miloslav Cardinal Vlk (Czech Republic) - born May 17 1932
*2/28/1994:
Emmanuel Cardinal Wamala (Uganda) - born December 15 1926
*2/21/
1998:
Aloysius Matthew Cardinal Ambrozic (Canada) - born January 27 1930
*2/21/1998:
Lorenzo Cardinal Antonetti (Italy) - born July 31 1922
*2/21/1998:
Serafim Cardinal Fernandes de Arajo (
Image:Brazil flag large.png) - born August 13 1924
*2/21/1998:
Dario Cardinal Castrilln Hoyos (Colombia) - born July 4 1929
*2/21/1998:
Giovanni Cardinal Cheli (Italy) - born October 4 1918
*2/21/1998:
Salvatore Cardinal De Giorgi (Italy) - born September 6 1930
*2/21/1998:
Francis Eugene Cardinal George (USA) - born January 16 1937
*2/21/1998:
Marian Cardinal Jaworski (Ukraine) - born August 21 1926
*2/21/1998:
Adam Cardinal Kozlowiecki (Poland) - April 1 1911
*2/21/1998:
Jorge Arturo Cardinal Medina Estvez (Chile) - born December 23 1926
*2/21/1998:
Dino Cardinal Monduzzi (Italy) - born April 2 1922
*2/21/1998:
Polycarp Cardinal Pengo (Tanzania) - born August 5 1944
*2/21/1998:
Janis Cardinal Pujats (Latvia) - born November 14 1930
*2/21/1998:
Norberto Cardinal Rivera Carrera (Mexico) - born June 6 1942
*2/21/1998:
Antonio Mara Cardinal Rouco Varela (Spain) - born August 24 1936
*2/21/1998:
Christoph Cardinal Schnborn (Austria) - born January 22 1945
*2/21/1998:
Paul Cardinal Shan Kui-hsi (Taiwan) - born December 3 1923
*2/21/1998:
James Francis Cardinal Stafford (USA) - born July 26 1932
*2/21/1998:
Dionigi Cardinal Tettamanzi (Italy) - born March 14 1934
*2/21/
2001:
Geraldo Majella Cardinal Agnelo (
Image:Brazil flag large.png) - born October 19 1933
*2/21/2001:
Bernard Cardinal Agr (Ivory Coast) - born March 2 1926
*2/21/2001:
Francisco Cardinal lvarez Martnez (Spain) - born July 14 1925
*2/21/2001:
Audrys Juozas Cardinal Backis (Lithuania) - born February 1 1937
*2/21/2001:
Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglio (Argentina) - born December 17 1936
*2/21/2001:
Agostino Cardinal Cacciavillan (Italy) - born August 14 1926
*2/21/2001:
Juan Luis Cardinal Cipriani Thorne (Peru) - born December 28 1943
*2/21/2001:
Desmond Cardinal Connell (Ireland) - born March 24 1926
*2/21/2001:
Ignace Moussa I Cardinal Daoud (Syria) - born September 18 1930
*2/21/2001:
Ivan Cardinal Dias (India) - born April 14 1936
*2/21/2001:
Avery Cardinal Dulles (USA) - born August 24 1918
*2/21/2001:
Edward Michael Cardinal Egan (USA) - born April 2 1932
*2/21/2001:
Francisco Javier Cardinal Errzuriz Ossa (Chile) - born September 5 1933
*2/21/2001:
Stephanos II Cardinal Ghattas (Egypt) - born January 16 1920
*2/21/2001:
Antonio Jos Gonzlez Zumrraga (Ecuador) - born March 18 1925
*2/21/2001:
Zenon Cardinal Grocholewski (Poland) - born October 11 1939
*2/21/2001:
Jean Cardinal Honor (France) - born August 13 1920
*2/21/2001:
Cludio Cardinal Hummes (
Image:Brazil flag large.png) - born August 8 1934
*2/21/2001:
Lubomyr Cardinal Husar (Ukraine) - born February 26 1933
*2/21/2001:
Walter Cardinal Kasper (Germany) - born March 5 1933
*2/21/2001:
Karl Cardinal Lehmann (Germany) - born May 16 1936
*2/21/2001:
Theodore Edgar Cardinal McCarrick (USA) - born July 7 1930
*2/21/2001:
Jorge Mara Cardinal Meja (Argentina) - born January 31 1923
*2/21/2001:
Cormac Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor (England) - born August 24 1932
*2/21/2001:
Wilfrid Fox Cardinal Napier (South Africa) - born March 8 1941
*2/21/2001:
Severino Cardinal Poletto (Italy) - born March 18 1933
*2/21/2001:
Jos Cardinal da Cruz Policarpo (
Image:Portugal flag large.png) - born February 26 1936
*2/21/2001:
Mario Francesco Cardinal Pompedda (Italy) - born April 18 1929
*2/21/2001:
Giovanni Battista Cardinal Re (Italy) - born January 30 1934
*2/21/2001:
Oscar Andrs Cardinal Rodrguez Maradiaga (Honduras) - born December 29 1942
*2/21/2001:
Pedro Cardinal Rubiano Senz (Colombia) - born September 13 1932
*2/21/2001:
Jos Cardinal Saraiva Martins (
Image:Portugal flag large.png) - born January 6 1932
*2/21/2001:
Leo Cardinal Scheffczyk (Germany) - born February 21 1920
*2/21/2001:
Sergio Cardinal Sebastiani (Italy) - born April 11 1931
*2/21/2001:
Crescenzio Cardinal Sepe (Italy) - born June 2 1943
*2/21/2001:
Julio Cardinal Terrazas Sandoval (Bolivia) - born March 7 1936
*2/21/2001:
Roberto Cardinal Tucci (Italy) - born April 19 1921
*2/21/2001:
Varkey Cardinal Vithayathil (India) - born May 29 1927
*10/21/
2003:
Carlos Cardinal Amigo Vallejo (Spain) - born August 23 1934
*10/21/2003:
Ennio Cardinal Antonelli (Italy) - born November 18 1936
*10/21/2003:
Philippe Cardinal Barbarin (France) - born October 17 1950
*10/21/2003:
Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone (Italy) - born December 2 1934
*10/21/2003:
Josip Cardinal Bozanic (Croatia) - born March 20 1949
*10/21/2003:
George Marie Martin Cardinal Cottier (Switzerland) - born April 25 1922
*10/21/2003:
Peter Cardinal Erd (Hungary) - born June 25 1952
*10/21/2003:
Stephen Fumio Cardinal Hamao (Japan) - born March 9 1930
*10/21/2003:
Julian Cardinal Herranz (Spain) - born March 31 1930
*(10/21/2003:
Gustaaf Cardinal Joos (Belgium) - born July 5 1932, died November 2 2004.)
*10/21/2003:
Javier Cardinal Lozano Barragn (Mexico) - born January 26 1933
*10/21/2003:
Francesco Cardinal Marchisano (Italy) - born June 25 1929
*10/21/2003:
Renato Raffaele Cardinal Martino (Italy) - born November 23 1932
*10/21/2003:
Stanislas Cardinal Nagy (Poland) - born September 30 1921
*10/21/2003:
Attilio Cardinal Nicora (Italy) - born March 16 1937
*10/21/2003:
Keith Michael Patrick Cardinal O'Brien (Scotland) - born March 17 1938
*10/21/2003:
Anthony Olubumni Cardinal Okogie (Nigeria) - born June 16 1936
*10/21/2003:
Marc Cardinal Ouellet (Canada) - born June 8 1944
*10/21/2003:
Bernard Cardinal Panafieu (France) - born January 26 1931
*10/21/2003:
George Cardinal Pell (Australia) - born April 8 1941
*10/21/2003:
Jean-Baptiste Cardinal Pham Minh Mn (Vietnam) - born 1934 (birthday not recorded)
*10/21/2003:
Rodolfo Cardinal Quezada Toruo (Guatemala) - born March 8 1932
*10/21/2003:
Justin Francis Cardinal Rigali (USA) - born April 19 1935
*10/21/2003:
Eusebio Oscar Cardinal Scheid (
Image:Brazil flag large.png) - born December 8 1932
*10/21/2003:
Angelo Cardinal Scola (Italy) - born November 7 1941
*10/21/2003:
Tomas Cardinal Spidlik (Czech Republic) - born December 17 1919
*10/21/2003:
Jean-Louis Cardinal Tauran (France) - born April 3 1943
*10/21/2003:
Telesphore Placidus Cardinal Toppo (India) - born October 13 1939
*10/21/2003:
Peter Kodwo Appiah Cardinal Turkson (Ghana) - born October 11 1948
*10/21/2003:
Gabriel Cardinal Zubeir Wako (Sudan) - born February 27 1939
==See also==
*
List of notable Cardinals
==External link==
*
The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, by Salvador Miranda
es:Colegio cardenalicio
de:Kardinalskollegium
