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The '''Kingdom of Cambodia''' (Khmer ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រ កម្ពុជា ) is a country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered in the south by the Gulf of Thailand, in the west by Thailand, Laos in the north, and Vietnam in the east. The national language is Khmer, a member of Mon-Khmer subfamily of Austroasiatic language group. {| border=1 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 align=right style="margin-left:0.5em;" width=300px

'''ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រ កម្ពុជា'''
'''Preah Reachea Nachakr Kampuchea'''</caption> | style="background:#efefef;" align=center colspan=2| {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 | align=center width=140px|Image:Cambodia flag large.png | align=center width=140px|Image:Cambodiaarms4.png |- | align=center width=140px|(In Detail) | align=center width=140px|(Full size) |} |- | align=center colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"|''National motto: Nation, Religion, King'' |- | align=center colspan=2|Image:LocationCambodia.png |- ||Official language||Khmer |- ||Capital||Phnom Penh |- ||King||Norodom Sihamoni |- ||Prime Minister||Hun Sen |- ||Area
 - Total
 - % water||Ranked 87th
181,040 km²
2.5% |- |Population : - Total (Year) : - Density ||Ranked 65th : 13,124,764 : 72.5/km² |- ||Independence : - Declared : - Recognised ||from France :November 9, 1953 |- ||Currency||Riel |- ||Time zone||UTC +7 |- ||National anthem||Nokoreach |- ||Internet TLD||.kh |- ||Calling Code||855 |} == History == ''Main article: History of Cambodia'' The first known advanced civilizations in Cambodia appear in first millennium AD, and from the 9th to 13th century, the Khmer civilization flourished here. After centuries of territorial and population losses to neighboring Siam and Vietnam, Cambodia was made French protectorate in 1863, and became part of French Indochina. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, the Cambodians declared independence in 1953. During the War in Indochina (1946-1975), the Richard Nixon administration of the United States conducted massive bombing campaigns against Cambodia. In 1970, General Lon Nol seized power and declared the Khmer Republic. The government was opposed by the nationalist and communist Khmer Rouge, which had gathered strength because of popular resentment against the U.S. bombing campaigns. The Khmer Rouge captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and renamed the country Kampuchea. Approximately 1.7 million people died during their three year social revolution. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge from power and into pockets along the western border with Thailand. A further 13 years of sporadic fighting took place before UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normality. A coalition government, formed after national elections in 1998, brought renewed political stability and the surrender of remaining Khmer Rouge forces. None of the Khmer Rouge leaders have been tried and convicted of crimes committed during the three years in which they held power. == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of Cambodia'' Up until October 7, 2004, the country was reigned over by Norodom Sihanouk who was reinstated as king again in September 1993. Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy - the role of the King is not to rule but to reign. The current ruling party is the CPP (Cambodian People's Party), the head of government is Hun Sen. Cambodia is a member of the United Nations and ASEAN. The country has regained some political stability in recent years, since the Khmer Rouge regime of the 1970s. On October 7, 2004, King Sihanouk's son Prince Norodom Ranariddh announced to the National Assembly that his father had abdicated. Senate President Chea Sim took over as interim head of state while a nine-member throne council met to choose a successor from among candidates with sufficiently royal blood. On October 14 the throne council appointed Prince Norodom Sihamoni, another of Sihanouk's 14 children, to be the new King. == Provinces == ''Main article: Provinces of Cambodia''
Image:Cambodia sm03.jpg
Cambodia is divided into 20 provinces (''kaeyte'', singular and plural) and 3 municipalities* (''krong'', singular and plural): *Banteay Mean Cheay *Battambang *Kampong Cham *Kampong Chhnang *Kampong Spoe *Kampong Thum *Kampot *Kandal *Kaoh Kong *Keb * *Krachen *Mondol Kiri *Otdar Mean Cheay *Phnom Penh* *Pouthisat *Preah Seihanu* (Sihanoukville) *Preah Vihear *Prey Veng *Rotanah Kiri *Siem Reab *Stoeng Treng *Svay Rieng *Takev == Geography == ''Main article: Geography of Cambodia'' Cambodia is about 181,040 square kilometers, sharing a 800-kilometer border with Thailand on north and west, a 541-kilometer border with Laos on northeast, and a 1,228- kilometer border with Vietnam on east and southeast. It has 443 kilometers of coastline along the Gulf of Thailand. The most salient topographical feature is the lacustrine plain formed by the inundations of Tonle Sap (Great Lake), measuring about 2,590 square kilometers during the dry season to about 24,605 square kilometers during the rainy season. This densely populated plain, which is devoted to wet rice cultivation, constitutes the heartland of Cambodia. Most (about 75 percent) of the country lies at elevations of less than 100 meters above sea level, except for the Cardamon Mountains (highest elevation 1,771 meters), their north-south extension to the east, Elephant Range (elevation range 500-1,000 meters) and the steep escarpment of Dangrek Mountains (average elevation 500 meters) along northern border with Thailand. Temperatures range from 10°C to 38°C. Cambodia experiences tropical monsoons: southwest monsoon blowing inland in northeasterly direction brings moisture-laden winds from Gulf of Thailand/Indian Ocean from May to October with period of heaviest precipitation September-October; northeast monsoon blowing in southwesterly direction toward coast ushers in the dry season, November to March, with period of least rainfall January-February. == Economy == ''Main article: Economy of Cambodia'' Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-1998 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 5.0%. Despite severe flooding, GDP grew at 5.0% in 2000, 6.3% in 2001, and 5.2% in 2002. Tourism was Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000 and up another 40% in 2001 before the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the US. Even given these stout growth estimates, the long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and corruption within the government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid. The government is addressing these issues with assistance from bilateral and multilateral donors. == Demographics == ''Main article: Demographics of Cambodia'' Cambodia is ethnically homogeneous, as more than 90% of its population is of Khmer origin and speaks the Khmer language, the country's official language. National minorities comprise about 3 percent of total population. The Cham, of Islamic faith, are the most significant minority group. Other scattered tribal minorities live in the upland and forested areas. There are also some minor Vietnamese and Chinese populations. Theravada Buddhism, suppressed by Khmer Rouge, but now revived, is the main religion and other minor religions like Christianity are being gradually introduced into the country. French is spoken by many Cambodians as a second-language and is often the language of instruction in various schools and universities. It is also frequently used in government. However, in recent decades, many younger Cambodians, as well as members of the business-classes, have favored learning English and it is gradually becoming the more widely-known second-language in the country. == Culture == ''Main article: Culture of Cambodia'' * Architecture of Cambodia * Cuisine of Cambodia * Music of Cambodia == Miscellaneous topics == * List of Cambodia-related topics * Communications in Cambodia * Foreign relations of Cambodia * Holidays in Cambodia * Military of Cambodia * Transportation in Cambodia == References and further reading == *''CIA World Factbook'' - U.S. Department of State website *Elizabeth Becker. 1986, 1998. ''When the War was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge.'' New York: Public Affairs. ==External links== *Cambodia.gov.kh - Official Cambodian government website *BongThom.com - Website with information on the language, food, employment and culture *Artweise.de - German website with photos from Cambodia ==Notes== '''1'''A figure of three million deaths between 1975 and 1979 was given by the Vietnamese-sponsored Phnom Penh regime, the PRK. Father Ponchaud suggested 2.3 million; the Yale Cambodian Genocide Project estimates 1.7 million; Amnesty International estimated 1.4 million ; and the United States Department of State, 1.2 million. Khieu Samphan and Pol Pot, who could be expected to give underestimations, cited figures of 1 million and 800,000, respectively.
{| align="center" id="toc" cellspacing="0" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" ! align="center" | Countries in Southeast Asia |- | align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" | Brunei | Cambodia | East Timor | Indonesia | Laos | Malaysia | Myanmar | Philippines | Singapore | Thailand | Vietnam |}bg:Камбоджа de:Kambodscha et:Kambodža es:Camboya eo:Kamboĝo fr:Cambodge ia:Cambodgia ms:Kemboja minnan:Kampuchea nl:Cambodja ja:カンボジア no:Kambodsja pl:Kambodża pt:Camboja ru:Камбоджа sl:Kambodža fi:Kambodža sv:Kambodja th:ประเทศกัมพูชา vi:Cam-pu-chia zh:柬埔寨
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