Ballet

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'''Ballet''' is the name given to a specfic dance form and technique. Dance works choreographed using this techique are called '''ballets''' and may include; dance, mime, acting and music (orchestral and sung). Ballets can be performed alone or as part of an opera. Ballet is best known for its virtuoso techniques such as pointe work, grand pas de deux and high leg extensions. Many Ballet techniques bear a striking similarity to fencing positions and footwork, perhaps due to their development during the same periods of history. Domenico da Piacenza is credited with the first use ot the term ''ballo'' (in ''De Arte Saltandi ed Choreas Ducendi'') instead of ''danza'' (dance) for his ''baletti'' or ''balli'' which later came to be known as ''Ballets''. The first Ballet ''per se'' is considered to be Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx's Ballet Comique de la Royne (1581) and was a ballet comique (ballet drama). 1581 also saw the publication of Fabritio Caroso's ''Il Ballarino'', a technical manual on ballet dancing that helped to establish Italy as a major centre of ballet development. == History of ballet == * 16th century: Baletti, ballet comique. * 17th century: Court ballet, Ballet d’Action, opera ballet * 18th century: * 19th century: pre romantic ballet, Romantic ballet, Russian ballet / Classical ballet * 20th century: Modern ballet, Neoclassical ballet, Post-structuralist ballet ''See also:'' History of ballet, Ballet timeline == Ballet technique == === Methods === Since its beginnings in the Italian court dances of the late 14th century ballet technique has been developed throughout Europe, Russia and the United States. Consequently there are several methods of ballet technique which differ slightly in the presentation and execution of the standard ballet vocabulary. These methods inculde the: * American Ballet ** Balanchine method * Danish Ballet ** Bournonville School * French Ballet * Italian Ballet ** Cecchetti method * Russian Ballet ** Vaganova method * English Ballet ** Royal Academy of Dance ''main article'': ballet technique === En pointe === Dancing en pointe is the action of rising to 'tips of the toes' while performing steps from ballet technique. Also known as '''pointe work''', it is mostly performed using hard toed pointe shoes but can be performed using soft toed ballet shoes. A development of the Romantic ballet period, pointe work was developed by Marie Taglioni who danced the full length of the La Sylphide '''en pointe''' in 1832. Pointe work has now become a fundamental ballet technique for female ballet dancers (ballerinas). While pointe work is usually practiced and performed by female dancers some roles in ballets call for the male dancers to perform ''en pointe''. ''main article'': en pointe === Pas de deux === Ballet pas de deux (step / dance for two) is a duet in which ballet steps are performed together. Grand pas de deux refers to a duet in which a male and female dancer perform together and features supported leaps, lifts, and pirouettes. pas de trois are trios and pas de quatre quartets. Pas de deux, trois and quatre can be indiviual works or part of a larger ballet (but are often performed out of context) and are usually danced by the principal, solo and/or guest artist of a ballet company. ''main article'': pas de deux == Ballet production == === Ballets === Seminal (important) ballets include: * Les Sylphides * Giselle * Swan Lake * L’Apr�s-midi d’un Faune * Le Sacre du Printemps * Romeo and Juliet === Ballet companies === A Ballet company is group of dancers who perform ballets. Famous ballet companies include; * Ballets Russes * The Royal Ballet * New York City Ballet * American Ballet Theatre * Paris Opera Ballet * Mariinsky Ballet (also know as the Kirov Ballet) * Bolshoi Ballet ''main article'': Ballet company === Artists === Seminal artists involved with ballets include: ====directors==== Jean Dauberval, Sergei Diaghilev, Robert Joffrey, Louis XIV, Jean-Baptiste Lully, Catherine De Medici, Marie Rambert, Ninette de Valois ====choreographers==== Frederick Ashton, George Balanchine, Pierre Beauchamp, Erik Bruhn, Mikhail Fokine, Lev Ivanovich Ivanov, Serge Lifar, Kenneth MacMillan, Leonide Massine, Vaslav Nijinsky, Bronislava Nijinska, Jean-Georges Noverre, Jules Perrot, Marius Petipa Jerome Robbins, Filippo Taglioni, Anthony Tudor ====dancers==== Mikhail Baryshnikov, Erik Bruhn, Darcey Bussell, Fanny Cerito, Anton Dolin, Fanny Elssler, Suzanne Farrell, Margot Fonteyn, Lucile Grahn, Carlotta Grisi, Sylvie Guillem, Karen Kain, Pierina Legnani, Louis XIV, Alicia Markova, Vaslav Nijinsky Rudolf Nureyev, Anna Pavlova, Marie Taglioni ====teachers==== Thoinot Arbeau, Carlo Blasis, August Bournonville, Enrico Cecchetti, Raoul-Auger Feuillet, Nicolai Legat, Domenico da Piacenza, Pierre Rameau ====composers==== Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Jacques Offenbach, Igor Stravinsky ====designers and scenographers==== L�on Bakst, Christian B�rard, Georges Braque, Marc Chagall, John Craxton, Salvador Dal�, Andr� Derain, Barbara Karinska, Barry Kay, Pablo Picasso, Pavel Tchelitchev, Maurice Utrillo ''See also:'' Dance personalia == Ballet education == ====Canada==== *Royal Winnipeg Ballet School Official school of Canada's acclaimed Royal Winnipeg Ballet ====Switzerland==== *Dance Art Studio Ballettschule Luzern / Lucerne Ballet School Professional ballet school in Switzerland for aspiring dancers and teachers ====United Kingdom==== *Royal Ballet School Founded in England in 1926 by Dame Ninette de Valois ====USA==== *School of American Ballet Official ballet school of the New York City Ballet, founded by George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein == See also == * Glossary of ballet terms * Dance * Dance basic topics * List of dance style categoriesda:Ballet de:Ballett es:Ballet hr:Balet ja:バレエ nl:Ballet pl:Balet sr:Балет zh:芭蕾舞